VFA-11 "Cube-in-Sphere" Encounter

Theoretical Alignment

The case aligns only modestly with the Extraterrestrial Hypothesis: the reported behavior (holding stationary against a strong headwind with no visible lift, control surfaces, or propulsion) would be technologically remarkable if accurately observed, but Graves himself has never claimed an exotic origin for the object — he has consistently said only that he cannot explain it. Interdimensional framing finds essentially no support; nothing in the accounts involves any phenomenon beyond ordinary three-dimensional flight characteristics. Psycho-Social alignment is present but limited: the witnesses were trained, credentialed instrument-rated aviators reporting a specific, geometrically detailed object at close range in daylight, which argues against simple misperception, but the brief encounter window, high closure speed, and absence of any independent sensor recording of this specific object leave some room for an ordinary object (most plausibly a balloon-borne radar target) being misjudged in size, distance, or nature under a few seconds of high-stress visual contact.

Background

Strike Fighter Squadron 11 (VFA-11), nicknamed the "Red Rippers," is one of the U.S. Navy's oldest active carrier-based fighter squadrons, home-based at Naval Air Station Oceana in Virginia Beach and, in 2014, flying the two-seat F/A-18F variant of the Super Hornet as part of Carrier Air Wing 1 (CVW-1) aboard the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN-71). Lt. Ryan "FOBS" Graves joined the squadron as a junior aviator after commissioning into the Navy in 2009, eventually accumulating more than a decade of service that included two combat deployments (Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Inherent Resolve) before he separated from active duty in 2019.

According to Graves' sworn written testimony to Congress, VFA-11 began detecting unknown objects "upon an upgrade to our radar system" in 2014. Aerospace America (October 2019) identifies the radar as Raytheon's APG-79 and dates the first sightings to mid-2014, shortly after the upgrade. Aircrew began registering unknown radar contacts inside their assigned training airspace off the Virginia coast. The squadron's first instinct — a reasonable one, given that AESA radar was brand-new hardware for these crews — was to dismiss the returns as software glitches or sensor artifacts tied to the unfamiliar system. That explanation did not hold for long: aircrew began cross-checking the radar contacts against their AN/ASQ-228 ATFLIR (Advanced Targeting Forward Looking Infrared) pods, and the same objects that had appeared on radar also resolved as discrete infrared returns, corroborating that whatever the contacts were, they had a real physical presence rather than being a purely electronic artifact of the new radar.

Over the following months, these contacts stopped being a novelty and became, in Graves' words, "an open secret" among VFA-11's aircrew — common enough that they were folded into the squadron's routine pre-mission briefs, and common enough that pilots developed a kind of shorthand for them ("we're seeing one of those damn things again," in Graves' recollection to Aerospace America). Most contacts were sensor-only: a radar return, sometimes an infrared signature, but no direct visual confirmation. Only occasionally did a pilot get close enough, in clear enough conditions, to actually see one of the objects with the naked eye. This case file concerns the single incident from that period, described in the most operational detail across Graves' own public and sworn accounts, in which a visual sighting closed to a distance that forced two aircraft to take evasive action.

Complete Timeline

Date	Event
2009	Ryan Graves joins the U.S. Navy; later trained as an F/A-18 pilot.
2014 (mid-2014 per Aerospace America)	VFA-11's F/A-18Fs are upgraded with the new AN/APG-79 AESA radar; unknown contacts begin appearing almost immediately, initially dismissed as software glitches.
Later in 2014	Aircrew cross-check the radar contacts against ATFLIR infrared imagery and confirm a genuine physical return, not a sensor artifact; sightings become a routine briefing item.
April 2014	Two VFA-11 F/A-18Fs, at 12,000 feet over Warning Area W-72, encounter a dark cube inside a clear sphere fixed at the training area's single GPS entry point; the jets, 100 feet apart, take evasive action and abort the mission. The squadron submits a safety report. (The month comes from Graves' 2023 Politico essay; the 2019 New York Times account says "late 2014.")
Summer 2014 – March 2015	The wider wave of near-daily sightings continues across VFA-11 and other CVW-1 squadrons operating off Virginia and Florida.
January 21, 2015	The "Gimbal" and "GoFast" ATFLIR videos are recorded during the same broader wave, later declassified by the Pentagon (see related case file).
2015	Rear Admiral Tim Gallaudet, then serving with U.S. Fleet Forces Command, receives a classified SIPRNET email titled "Urgent safety of flight issue" from the fleet's Operations Commander, describing multiple near mid-air collisions with UAP in the Virginia Beach warning areas; the email disappears from his and his deputy's systems the next day and is never again discussed.
May 26, 2019	The New York Times publishes "'Wow, What Is That?' Navy Pilots Report Unexplained Flying Objects," the first extensive public account of the wave, quoting a description of "a sphere encasing a cube."
June–November 2019	On June 22, 2019, Tyler Rogoway of The War Zone proposes that the "cube in a sphere" matches U.S. Patent 2,463,517, "Airborne Corner Reflector" (filed 1945, granted 1949). On November 25, 2019, a follow-up by Tim McMillan quotes PALLADIUM founder Gene Poteat and former PALLADIUM officer T.D. Barnes.
April 27, 2020	The Department of Defense officially releases and confirms the authenticity of the Gimbal, GoFast, and Nimitz "Tic Tac" videos, lending broader institutional credibility to the surrounding pilot testimony.
May 16, 2021	Graves appears on 60 Minutes (CBS, Bill Whitaker), describing near-daily UAP contacts throughout 2014–2015 and reframing the phenomenon as a flight-safety issue.
February 28, 2023	Graves publishes an op-ed in Politico, "We Have a Real UFO Problem. And It's Not Balloons," giving his fullest public account of the April 2014 W-72 incident, including the 12,000-foot altitude and the jets' 100-foot separation.
July 26, 2023	Graves testifies under oath before the House Oversight Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs, describing the cube-in-sphere incident in detail alongside fellow witnesses David Fravor and David Grusch.
2024	AARO publishes its Historical Record Report, Volume I, a broad review of decades of U.S. government UAP-related claims and programs.
2023–2024	Then-AARO director Sean Kirkpatrick tells a Senate subcommittee (April 19, 2023) that 52% of AARO's reports describe round objects or orbs. At NASA's public meeting on May 31, 2023, he describes "metallic orbs" as what AARO sees most.

A Squadron's New Radar, and a New Problem

The April 2014 incident cannot be understood in isolation from the radar upgrade that preceded it by only a matter of weeks. AESA radar is a substantially different technology from the mechanically scanned arrays it replaced — it can track many more targets simultaneously, at greater sensitivity, and with a fundamentally different false-target and clutter-rejection profile. A squadron transitioning to new radar hardware experiencing a burst of strange contacts in the weeks immediately following installation is, on its face, exactly the kind of pattern a cautious engineer would want to rule out as a hardware or calibration problem before treating it as anything else. VFA-11's aircrew did exactly that: Graves' testimony describes the sightings as "initially dismissed as software glitches," and only escalated to a genuine concern once ATFLIR infrared imagery independently corroborated a real infrared source at the same bearing and range as the radar returns — a cross-sensor confirmation that is a meaningfully stronger evidentiary standard than a radar contact alone, since a true software artifact affecting only the AESA radar's processing would have no reason to also appear on a physically separate infrared sensor pointed at the same coordinates.

This cross-checking process is itself worth dwelling on because it shapes how seriously the squadron treated what came next. By the time the April 2014 incident occurred, VFA-11's aircrew had already spent weeks satisfying themselves that the contacts they were tracking were not simply an artifact of unfamiliar hardware. When a pilot then visually confirmed an object at close range matching the radar/IR signature's rough characteristics, it landed on a squadron that had already built, through its own internal process of elimination, a working assumption that something physically real was present in their operating area on a recurring basis.

The Entry-Point Encounter

Graves has given the fullest account of the incident itself in his 2023 Politico essay, which is the source for the specific month (April) and altitude (12,000 feet) used throughout this file; his separate written testimony to the House Oversight Committee corroborates the core encounter but gives only "2014" generally, with no month or altitude stated, so those specifics should be understood as resting on the Politico account rather than as cross-source corroborated. Two F/A-18Fs took off for an air combat training mission, climbing to 12,000 feet and heading for Warning Area W-72, a block of restricted airspace roughly ten miles east of Virginia Beach. All traffic entering W-72 for this kind of exercise funnels through a single defined GPS waypoint at a fixed altitude — a geometric bottleneck built into the training area's own design, meant to keep aircraft separated as they transition from open airspace into the working area.

Just as the two jets crossed that entry threshold, one of the pilots saw an object sitting motionless directly at the waypoint: a dark gray or black cube, its corners or tips touching the interior surface of a surrounding, glassy, near-transparent sphere, by most estimates somewhere between five and fifteen feet in diameter. The object was not drifting with the wind, as a simple balloon might be expected to; per Graves' account it was "motionless against the wind," holding a fixed position at the entry point despite what he elsewhere describes as very strong winds aloft. The two jets, only about 100 feet apart from each other, had crossed the threshold before either pilot could meaningfully react to what he was seeing; they passed the object on either side rather than through it, narrowly avoiding a collision. Both aircrew immediately terminated the training mission and returned to base.

This detail — a fixed geometric entry point that every aircraft using the training area has to pass through, with an object sitting exactly at that point — is one of the case's more distinctive features. It is consistent with several very different explanations: a deliberately placed device intended to be encountered at a predictable location, a genuinely stationary natural or man-made object that happened to be there, or simple coincidence given that any object drifting through the general vicinity of a well-trafficked, geometrically constrained airspace corridor is more likely to be reported precisely because aircraft are guaranteed to pass close to that specific point.

"I Almost Hit One of Those Things"

Graves was not, by his own account, the pilot who had the closest visual encounter with the object; he learned about the near-collision the way a flight lead often learns about a close call — from a shaken squadronmate immediately after the flight. Under oath, Graves said: "I was there when the pilot landed... He was in the ready room with all his gear on with his mouth open." The pilot told him he "almost hit one of those darn things." Graves' own versions of the geometry differ. The 2019 New York Times account, based on his interview, says the jets were flying about 100 feet apart and "something flew between them, right past the cockpit." His written testimony says only that the jets, "only 100 feet apart, were forced to take evasive action." His 2023 Politico essay says they "zipped past the object on either side." In his oral statement at the hearing he said the two jets were "split by a UAP" that "came within 50 feet of the lead aircraft." All the versions agree on an object at the entry point and two jets about 100 feet apart. They differ on whether the object sat still between the jets or moved between them.

What happened next is, in some ways, the most operationally significant part of the story. The squadron did exactly what it was supposed to do: it filed a formal aviation safety report through the Navy's internal reporting chain, the same kind of report that would be filed after any near mid-air collision, bird strike, or hazardous airspace incursion. Graves has stated flatly, both in his written testimony and in subsequent interviews, that this report received "no official acknowledgement" and that there was "no further mechanism to report the sightings" beyond that single filing. Whatever the object was, the institutional response to a documented near mid-air collision with an unidentified object was, per the only witness who has spoken publicly about it, silence.

From Open Secret to Public Record

For nearly five years, the cube-in-sphere sightings and the broader wave they belonged to remained confined to VFA-11's own briefing rooms and internal safety paperwork. That changed on May 26, 2019, when The New York Times published "'Wow, What Is That?' Navy Pilots Report Unexplained Flying Objects," co-bylined by Helene Cooper, Ralph Blumenthal, and UAP researcher Leslie Kean. The article was the first mainstream account to put the 2014–2015 East Coast wave on the public record, and it included a specific description — attributed to the pilots' own accounts — of a near mid-air collision with an object resembling "a sphere encasing a cube." The Times reported that the objects showed no visible engine and produced no infrared exhaust plume on the pilots' sensors, yet were tracked reaching altitudes as high as 30,000 feet and, on at least some occasions, hypersonic speeds — though it is worth noting explicitly that those extreme performance claims describe the broader pattern of contacts across the wave generally, not the specific, motionless entry-point object at the center of this case file.

The story resurfaced with far greater reach on May 16, 2021, when Graves appeared in a 60 Minutes segment devoted to Navy UAP encounters, alongside David Fravor discussing the unrelated 2004 USS Nimitz "Tic Tac" case. Correspondent Bill Whitaker's interview let Graves describe, for a national television audience, how his squadron had encountered these objects "every day for at least a couple of years" during training flights off the Atlantic coast, reframing what had previously read as an isolated anecdote into evidence of a sustained, recurring pattern with genuine aviation-safety implications.

Before Congress, Under Oath

Graves' most detailed and most consequential public account came on July 26, 2023, when he testified under oath before the House Oversight Subcommittee on National Security, the Border, and Foreign Affairs — the first congressional hearing to feature on-record testimony from military pilots and a named whistleblower on the subject of UAP. Graves appeared alongside David Grusch, a former intelligence officer whose separate claims about alleged non-human biologics and reverse-engineering programs dominated much of the hearing's press coverage, and Fravor. In his prepared written statement, submitted to the committee and preserved in the official congressional record, Graves gave the account of the W-72 entry-point incident quoted throughout this case file almost verbatim, describing it as "a pivotal incident" in his squadron's growing recognition that something durable and unexplained was operating in their assigned airspace.

During the hearing's question-and-answer period, Graves elaborated further under direct questioning, describing the objects as "dark grey or black cubes... inside of a clear sphere, where the apex or tips of the cubes were touching the inside of that sphere," and saying that "the two aircraft flew within about 50 feet of the object." His oral opening statement gave the object's size as "five to 15 feet in diameter." He also used the hearing to relay Rear Admiral Tim Gallaudet's account of a 2015 SIPRNET email describing near mid-air collisions with UAP in the same warning-area airspace — an email addressed to senior Fleet Forces Command flag officers that vanished from Gallaudet's and his deputy's email systems within a day, with no further discussion ever occurring among the group despite their routine in-person meetings. Gallaudet has since stated publicly, per Graves' testimony, that after reviewing the underlying report he did not believe the objects represented any known human technology — though it should be noted this is a secondhand characterization of Gallaudet's view relayed through Graves' testimony, not an independent public statement issued directly by Gallaudet about the cube-in-sphere object specifically.

A Broader Aviation-Safety and National-Security Case

Graves has consistently framed the April 2014 near mid-air collision not as an isolated curiosity but as an early, concrete example of a much larger flight-safety gap he has spent years trying to get institutionalized attention for. His written congressional testimony cites the U.S. government's own 2021 Preliminary Assessment on Unidentified Aerial Phenomena, prepared by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, which documented eleven near mid-air collisions with UAP across the broader military reporting dataset — a figure Graves testified had "grown" by the time of his 2023 appearance. He also cited a specific April 2022 FAA safety alert describing a commercial airliner over West Virginia that experienced a simultaneous double attitude-indicator and double autopilot failure while flying beneath a reported UAP, an incident he argues illustrates that the flight-safety risk extends well beyond military aviation into the commercial airline system that carries millions of civilian passengers.

To address what he has described as a structural absence of any safe, non-stigmatized reporting channel, Graves founded Americans for Safe Aerospace, which by the time of his 2023 testimony had grown to nearly 5,000 members and was actively working with more than 30 individual UAP witnesses, the large majority of them commercial airline pilots reluctant to report incidents through official channels for fear of professional repercussions. Separately, Graves chairs the UAP Integration & Outreach Committee for the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), where he says a volunteer team of nearly 80 PhDs and aerospace engineers has been assembled to apply rigorous scientific method to the broader dataset, an effort explicitly framed as scientific and safety-oriented rather than aimed at proving or disproving any exotic hypothesis. This broader advocacy context does not itself corroborate the specific physical details of the April 2014 W-72 sighting, but it explains why Graves has continued to foreground that single incident in venue after venue over the better part of a decade: for him, it functions as the clearest, most concrete illustration available of a collision risk he argues the Department of Defense and FAA have still not built adequate reporting infrastructure to manage.

Key Witnesses

The Five Observables Assessment

The Five Observables framework, drawn from the Pentagon's own Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program (AATIP) criteria, is applied here specifically to the April 2014 entry-point incident rather than to the broader, multi-year VFA-11 wave (which includes separately reported high-speed and high-altitude contacts not observed in this specific encounter):

Assessment: Of the five observables, this specific incident meaningfully implicates only one — apparent anti-gravity lift, in the sense that an object with no visible wings, rotors, or control surfaces reportedly held a fixed position against a significant headwind. The other four observables associated with the broader AATIP framework (instant acceleration, hypersonic velocity, low observability, and trans-medium travel) are either explicitly absent from this specific encounter as described, or are properties reported elsewhere in the wider 2014–2015 wave rather than in this particular sighting. A stationary object holding position against wind is unusual but is also the signature one would expect from several mundane explanations discussed in the Conventional Explanation Candidate section below, particularly a moored, tethered, or aerodynamically stable lighter-than-air object — making this a comparatively weak case for advanced propulsion specifically, even though the visual encounter itself is well-corroborated as a real near mid-air safety event.

Evidence Assessment

Why "Disputed"

This case earns a Disputed stamp rather than Credible or Debunked because its two halves pull in genuinely opposite directions with roughly comparable force. On one side, the corroboration is real and specific: a credentialed, sworn, congressionally-testifying military witness; a contemporaneous squadron safety report (described by Graves, not released), filed years before Graves became a public UAP advocate; a squadron-wide pattern independently cross-checked across two separate sensor systems before this specific incident occurred; a near mid-air collision serious enough to abort a training mission; and a physical description that has stayed essentially consistent across a decade of retelling in very different venues, from a newspaper interview to sworn congressional testimony. That is a materially stronger evidentiary package than a single uncorroborated eyewitness account. On the other side, this specific incident — unlike its more famous cousins, Gimbal and GoFast, from the same broader wave — has produced no photograph, no video, and no independently releasable sensor recording in over a decade, leaving outside investigators with nothing to analyze except the consistency of testimony itself. And the leading conventional candidate is not a vague, generic "it was probably a balloon" dismissal; it is a specific, well-documented historical device — a folding corner reflector hung inside a balloon, whose geometry naturally resembles a cube inside a sphere — that was patented in 1949 and, by Rogoway's account, related to reflector balloons used in Cold War radar testing. Graves' own consistent refusal to claim an exotic origin, insisting instead that he simply lacks an explanation, is itself a mark of witness credibility that cuts against overstating the case in either direction. Until a specific instrumented recording of a cube-in-sphere object surfaces, or the underlying 2014 safety report itself is released and independently examined, this case is best described as a well-corroborated near mid-air safety event of genuinely disputed identity, not a confirmed anomaly and not a resolved mundane sighting.

Sensor & Instrumentation Detection Profile

No radar, infrared, or other instrumented sensor recording specific to the April 2014 entry-point encounter itself has ever been publicly released or is known to exist; this incident, as described in all available accounts, was a purely visual sighting by the two aircrew. Its evidentiary weight instead rests on the broader sensor pattern that surrounded it: VFA-11's newly installed AN/APG-79 AESA radar had, in the weeks prior, registered unknown contacts that aircrew subsequently cross-referenced against ATFLIR infrared pod imagery, confirming that at least some fraction of the squadron's contacts represented genuine physical returns detectable on two independent sensor types rather than a single-sensor artifact. Whether the specific object encountered at the W-72 entry point in April 2014 was also tracked on radar or infrared at the time of the visual sighting is not stated in any account reviewed for this case file — Graves' testimony describes the sighting itself in purely visual terms, without citing a contemporaneous sensor lock. This is a meaningful gap: the January 2015 Gimbal and GoFast incidents, by contrast, are richly instrumented, complete with on-screen ATFLIR telemetry that has allowed outside analysts to conduct genuine frame-by-frame forensic review. No equivalent data trail exists for this case.

Environmental & Geospatial Context

Warning Area W-72 sits in the Atlantic Ocean roughly ten miles east of Virginia Beach, part of a cluster of restricted military training airspace blocks used by carrier air wings based at nearby Naval Air Station Oceana and associated with Naval Station Norfolk, the world's largest naval base. The specific geometry described by Graves — all traffic funneling through a single GPS waypoint at a fixed altitude before dispersing into the working airspace — is a standard feature of how the U.S. Navy structures access to restricted training blocks, intended to keep transiting aircraft predictably separated from one another during entry and exit. The incident occurred at 12,000 feet in daylight, under clear, sunny skies, with Graves specifically noting a strong headwind aloft against which the object appeared to hold a fixed position; his written testimony says the objects in general could "hold their position against hurricane-force winds," though this case file treats that superlative as a general statement about the wave rather than a documented meteorological measurement, since no contemporaneous weather-station or aircraft instrument reading has been cited for the specific date. The broader wave of sightings this incident belongs to spanned a wide swath of Atlantic training airspace off both Virginia and Florida, encompassing multiple warning areas used by rotating carrier strike groups over a roughly nine-month period.

Observer Credibility & Occupational Profile

The direct eyewitness for this incident was a serving U.S. Navy F/A-18F pilot — a highly trained, instrument-rated military aviator whose profession depends on accurate real-time visual identification of other aircraft and hazards at operationally relevant distances, and whose training and instrumentation make him considerably less prone to simple misidentification than an untrained civilian observer under similar circumstances. His identity has never been made public, which limits independent verification of his account but does not by itself undermine its credibility, since Graves — himself a decade-long Navy aviator, flight instructor, and formally trained engineer with no financial interest in the outcome at the time the safety report was filed in 2014 — is relaying a colleague's contemporaneous, institutionally documented report rather than a secondhand rumor. Graves' broader public credibility has grown considerably since 2019: he has testified under oath before Congress (a context carrying real legal consequences for false statements), founded a formal aircrew-support nonprofit with thousands of members, and been cited and interviewed by outlets ranging from The New York Times to CBS's 60 Minutes. That said, independent skeptic Mick West has raised a legitimate, specific critique worth including for balance: Graves' post-Navy consulting and advocacy work (including through his company Merged Point) gives him an ongoing professional and financial stake in the UAP issue remaining prominent, a conflict-of-interest consideration that, while it does not disprove any specific factual claim, is a fair caveat when weighing the overall credibility of his advocacy separately from the credibility of the original 2014 eyewitness account itself.

Physical & Material Assays

No physical debris, trace evidence, or recovered material of any kind exists for this case, and none has ever been claimed by any witness or investigator. The encounter was purely visual, at operational altitude over open ocean, with no landing, no ground or sea recovery attempt, and no physiological effects reported by either aircrew member. This absence is itself informative: unlike cases involving alleged landing traces or recovered fragments, this incident's entire evidentiary basis is testimonial and administrative (the safety report) rather than physical.

Historical Precedents & Archive Matches

The most direct historical precedent for this case's object description is not another UFO sighting at all, but a real, declassified U.S. intelligence program: Project PALLADIUM, a Cold War electronic-warfare effort founded and run for about 15 years by CIA officer Gene Poteat. Poteat told The War Zone that the program used "submarine-launched balloon-based metallic spheres" to measure Soviet radars' ability to detect small targets, after the Soviets moved a "Tall King" radar to Cuba. U.S. Patent 2,463,517 for an "airborne corner reflector" (filed 1945, granted 1949) — a folding, cube-shaped metal reflector frame designed to be suspended inside an inflatable spherical balloon envelope — surfaced by defense journalist Tyler Rogoway in 2019, is a strikingly close visual and structural match to the pilots' description. Within the site's own catalog, this case sits alongside two other broadly "sphere"-morphology Navy encounters from different eras and contexts — the 2019 USS Omaha transmedium sphere and the unrelated "Mosul Orb" — and, most directly, its own sibling case from the same squadron and airspace, the January 2015 Gimbal and GoFast videos, which represent the better-instrumented, better-corroborated tail end of the same broader VFA-11 wave.

Material Analysis

There is no physical material to analyze in the conventional sense — no debris, no metallurgical sample, no isotopic assay. The closest analog to physical evidence in this case is documentary rather than material: the original 2014 Navy aviation safety report itself, filed by VFA-11 through official channels in the immediate aftermath of the incident. That report has never been publicly released, FOIA'd, or independently examined by any outside journalist or investigator as far as this case file's research could establish; its existence and general content are known to the public only through Graves' own later description of it. This creates an unusual evidentiary situation: a genuinely contemporaneous, institutionally generated record exists (unlike many decades-old UFO cases where no paperwork was ever filed at all), but the record itself remains locked inside Navy safety channels rather than available for independent forensic review, leaving its true evidentiary weight impossible to assess directly.

The Conventional Explanation Candidate: Airborne Radar-Reflector Balloon

The leading conventional candidate, first proposed by defense journalist Tyler Rogoway at The War Zone on June 22, 2019, holds that the object was a specialized radar-decoy or radar-test balloon of a type with real, documented historical precedent. Rogoway surfaced U.S. Patent 2,463,517, "Airborne Corner Reflector" (filed 1945, granted 1949): a collapsible corner-reflector frame that "can be packed into small space" and hangs inside an inflatable balloon — a device whose basic silhouette, when viewed from an aircraft at range, would be almost indistinguishable from "a dark cube inside a clear sphere." Rogoway traced the concept to "a Cold War era Skunk Works program," linked a 1963 balloon test to the A-12 OXCART, and mentioned a Navy destroyer fitted with a PALLADIUM transmitter. In a November 25, 2019 follow-up by Tim McMillan, retired CIA officer Gene Poteat, who founded PALLADIUM, described its "submarine-launched balloon-based metallic spheres" for gauging Soviet radar. He said the Navy encounters sounded "interesting" but that he would need more of the Navy's data, and noted that the spheres were not meant to make the Soviets think they were seeing flying saucers — an important distinction, since it means Poteat's comments corroborate the plausibility of the device category, not a specific claim that PALLADIUM-descended hardware itself was flying off Virginia in 2014. T.D. Barnes, who served as PALLADIUM's air-defense and electronic-countermeasures officer, told the same outlet: "I don't have the answers to what the Navy aviators saw, but in my mind, I'm thinking, we are doing it again," a suggestion that some later-generation classified test article, rather than a Cold War museum piece, could be the more current explanation.

Next-Generation Spherical Surveillance Drone

A second, more contemporary candidate holds that the object was an advanced drone rather than a passive balloon target. In his April 19, 2023 Senate briefing, then-AARO director Sean Kirkpatrick put "orb, round, sphere" at 52% of AARO's reports, typically 1 to 4 meters across. At NASA's May 31, 2023 meeting he called a "metallic orb" image "a typical example of the thing that we see most of." AARO has not publicly tied such orbs to any drone program. This candidate is speculative regarding the specific April 2014 W-72 object — Kirkpatrick's remarks describe the broader global "orb" pattern of the 2020s, not this specific 2014 sighting, and no direct evidence ties this exact incident to any known drone program, foreign or domestic — but it remains a serious, non-exotic explanation for the general "sphere with internal structure" morphology this case shares with a wider modern dataset.

Kirkpatrick's own credibility as a source on this question is itself a live subject of debate that Graves addressed directly in his testimony. Kirkpatrick made his "metallic orbs" remarks at the May 31, 2023 public meeting of NASA's Independent Study Team on UAP, a sixteen-member panel that included astronaut Scott Kelly, oceanographer Paula Bontempi, and Princeton astrophysicist David Spergel as chair. Graves noted in his written testimony that Kirkpatrick had told Congress AARO needed additional Title 50 intelligence-community authorities and access to "scientifically calibrated instruments" to properly characterize UAP, only to state in a subsequent public interview that he already had what he needed — an inconsistency Graves flagged as evidence of the same broader credibility and transparency problem he argues has suppressed serious reporting since 2014. Graves also noted, with visible skepticism, Kirkpatrick's separate public claim that eyewitness testimony "isn't considered credible on its own" by AARO, a standard that, if applied retroactively and without qualification, would appear to place the entirety of VFA-11's original 2014 safety report in an unresolvable evidentiary limbo: too old and too undocumented on sensor data to satisfy a testimony-skeptical modern standard, yet too consistently and credibly reported across a decade to dismiss outright.

Sensor and Human-Factors Misperception During a New Radar Rollout

A third candidate addresses the broader wave rather than this specific sighting directly: it proposes that VFA-11's contemporaneous transition to unfamiliar AN/APG-79 AESA radar hardware created a period of elevated susceptibility to clutter, false tracks, or simple misinterpretation of ordinary contacts (other aircraft, debris, birds, or genuine balloons) as anomalous. This is a reasonable general caution about the wave's early radar contacts, but it does not, on its own, explain the specific April 2014 visual sighting, which involved no radar system at all — a pilot's unaided eye, at close range, in clear daylight. Whatever weaknesses this candidate has in explaining the sensor contacts elsewhere in the wave, it has essentially no direct bearing on the entry-point encounter that is the subject of this case file.

Related Cases

Further Reading — Recommended Literature

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Essential Viewing

Sources

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• Cooper, Helene; Blumenthal, Ralph; Kean, Leslie. "'Wow, What Is That?' Navy Pilots Report Unexplained Flying Objects." The New York Times, May 26, 2019.
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• The Washington Post. "60 Minutes UFOs: Ryan Graves says he saw them 'every day.'" May 17, 2021.
• CBS News. "UFO hearing key takeaways: What a whistleblower told Congress about UAPs." July 27, 2023. cbsnews.com
• NPR. "Whistleblower testifies U.S. salvaged 'non-human biologics' from UFO crash sites." July 27, 2023. npr.org
• OverClassified. "Gimbal & GoFast (USS Theodore Roosevelt, 2015)" case file, cross-referenced for shared squadron, airspace, and witness background. Internal reference
• Rogoway, Tyler. "Could Some Of The UFOs Navy Pilots Are Encountering Be Airborne Radar Reflectors?" The War Zone, June 22, 2019 (updated December 1, 2019). twz.com
• Tegler, Jan, and Cat Hofacker. "Mystery of the ‘damn things’." Aerospace America, October 31, 2019. aerospaceamerica.aiaa.org
• U.S. House of Representatives. Hearing transcript, "Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena: Implications on National Security, Public Safety, and Government Transparency," July 26, 2023, Serial No. 118-53. govinfo.gov
• All-domain Anomaly Resolution Office. Briefing to the Senate Armed Services Committee, April 19, 2023. aaro.mil

Corrections (October 2026)

An October 2026 fact-check compared this page with Graves' written testimony, the official hearing transcript (govinfo, Serial No. 118-53), syndicated copies of his 2023 Politico essay, The War Zone's June and November 2019 articles, Aerospace America (October 2019), the 2019 New York Times account as quoted by Earthfiles, Mick West's open letter, and AARO and NASA meeting coverage. The page had said "two" pilots saw the object; Graves says "one of the pilots" did. It also presented the jets passing the object "on either side" as Graves' sworn account. That wording comes from Politico: the written testimony says the jets took "evasive action," and the oral statement says they were "split by a UAP" within 50 feet. The NYT dated the incident "late 2014." The page also said the safety report was filed "the same day" and by Graves himself; Graves says only that the squadron submitted one.

Following this review, the rating was changed from Disputed 39 to Disputed 36 (October 28, 2026), because the higher rating had rested partly on claims corrected or removed above.

Other corrections. The radar-reflector proposal was Rogoway's June 2019 article, not a November 2019 piece; the patent (2,463,517) was filed in 1945 and granted in 1949. Rogoway tied it to a Skunk Works/OXCART balloon test, while Poteat's submarine-launched spheres came from the November follow-up. Barnes was PALLADIUM's air-defense and ECM officer. The "damn things" quote is from Aerospace America, not The War Zone. Kirkpatrick's NASA remarks were on May 31, not in June, 2023, and the 52% figure is from his April 2023 Senate briefing. Removed: an unverified "2022 Chinese drone patent" with corner thrusters; a quoted "look of shock on his face"; "flight instructor"; and computed Moon and weather values for an undisclosed date.